Chester s



attra vtati-sv actrittA @ffice CHESTER s. LEMAN, CE NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. Letters .Patent No. 71,190, elated November-19, 1867.

IMIROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOB. ILLUSTRATING WAVES.

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TO ALL PERSONS'TO WHOM THFSEPRESENTS MAY COME:

Be it known that I,. CrIhs'I-.ER SLYMAN, of the city and county of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Instrument or Apparatus for Illustrating the Formation of Waves; and I do hereby Vdeclare the same to be Ifully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure l'is a front elevation,

Figure 2 a rear view,v and y Figure 3 a vertical central and transverseiscction of it.

This instrument serves tojexemplify themotions of particles of water among themselves, when acted upon by gravity and the wind, the `conbined' operations of such forces producing what are termed waves.

In carrying `out 1ny invention, I make use of an upright board, A, mounted on a base, B. k:Ehrtending through such board is a series -of'short arbors, a a a, Ste., arranged at the intersections of horizontal vand vertical lines b c and d d d, 'markedon thesnrfa'ce of'the board A or arranged thereon in manner as shown in tig. 1.

' From each end of such arbo'rs aerenk, e orf, is extended, all of the eranksj', at the rear of the board A, being parallel to eachother, and having thei'rwvrists extended into and so as tol turnl in bearings within a plate, C. An auxiliary crank, g, projected from an arbor, h, arranged on the board A, also has itswrist going through an eatension, z', of the plu-te C.- (See figs. 2 and 3.)' Each wrist lo of each of the front cranks c should be applied to the crank so as to be capable o'f being freelymevolved on the axisof the wrist, and there should be a hole made 'transversely through the wrist, to receive one of two iexile wires DE, one of which goes through the wrists of one series of the cranks, and the other through those of the other series.

' F'urthermore, in connection with the two series of cranks, I employ a series of iiexile wires, F 'F F, dsc., which, at theirnpper ends, aromatic to clasp the wrists of the upper set of cranks. The said wires F go through the wrists of the lower set of cranks, and extend down to and are insertedfin a bar, G, fixed on the base-board and against the board A. Each crank c of the lower series has a length half, or about half, that of each crank e of the'upper series, and is arranged below its fellow-crank of the lupper series a distance of about onc-ninth of the length of the wave to be produced. i

The arrangement of the cranks of each series, c c e, 556e., f f f, &c., (there being nine cranks in each of such series.) is such, that when each cnd crank of both series is vertical, and extends below the horizontal line of the arbore of the series, the two middlefcranks of the two series will be vertical, and will project aheve the horizontal linel joining their axes.

The next cranks to the outside ones are arranged at angles of forty-five degrees to the horizon, and project 'below the horizontal line of their axes. The next cranks are horizontal, and the succeeding ones, or those next .to `the middle cranks, project above their junction line at angles of forty-tive degrees therewith, the arrange ment of the several cranks being as exhibited in fig. 1.

A series of circles, having their centres in the axes o f the cranks, may be drawn on the faceof the board A in manner as exhibited in fig. 1.

The rotary motions of the extremities of one or more series of' cranks represent lthe motions of as many corresponding particles of water, during theformation of a wave.

'.lhe lower of the ilexile wires D Eis to exhibitian ideal'wave below the surface of the water, or'thc positions successively assumed by a lino of particles, which, when they are at rest, will be horizontal.

.llic arcas between the two wics D E and the series F F F, while-thc cranks are being revolved, exhibit the forms successively assumed in wave-motion, by the rectangular areas of water included between the horizontal lines passing through tho axes of the cranks and the vertical lines joining such axes, these horizontal and .vertical lines serving to exhibit the positions ofthe particles or spaces when the water is in a state of rest.

By laying hldof and revolving the auxiliary crank, thesov'era'l cranks of each of the' two series will be revolved synchronously, and will produce wave-metions of the two dex-ile' wires D E.

Instead of the mechanism hcreinbefore described for effecting the synchronous rotary movements of the said cranks, other or equivalent mechanism may bc en'iploycd.. A series of gears, or an endless band running around pulleys, may be substituted. I intend to usefany proper devices for imparting to the several cranks, of

either or-both series, motions as set forth.

The positions of the cranks of each series on the face of the board A are such that cach diil'ers in its angular arrangement from the preceding, as well as from the 4following one, by the same fractional portion of a revolation as the distance between the axes oi' motion of two next adjacent cranks bears to the length of the wave, or the distance between the twoexternal cranks of the series.

` The length of each of the smaller cranks, with respect to that of the larger ones, depends on the vertical distance of one below the other, it being` approximately as one to two, for a vertical distance corresponding to one-ninth of' the Wave length. l Q 4 The largest cin-clap, drawn on the face of the boardA, basa circumference equal in length to the length ofthe wave, the radius of the circle being equal to the height of a revolvingA pendulum which makes a beat in. the same period as that in-which the wave makes one oscillation. i

Erom an arm, g, projecting from the zenith of the great circle, a wire, r, projects downward through a hole in the wristof the middle crank e. The said wire r turns freely on the arm q. This wire represents a pendulum of the lengthof the diameter of the circle 2J. While the wave of the wire D is being produced, the wire r will stand'perpendicularly to the wire D, and serve to indicate the positions of the mast of a vessel whose hull may be ioating on the wave.

I donot confine my invention to two series of cranks, and their ilexile Wires D E, as one or more of such series'may be employed, cach additional series, withits ilexile wires, being made by theirope'ration to indicate the form, or approximate form, of the wave at the distance el' the series below the first or .upper series. Nor do I confine my invention to the number of cranks in'cach series, as hcreinbcfore specified, as such may be varied as circumstances may require.

I claim as my invention- A combination of one or more exilc wires D E, one or more series of cranks ef, and mechanism for revoiv ing such cranks synchronously, the 'whole being arranged and applied together, and to aboard or its equivalent, substantially in manner, and so as to operate as and for the purpose as specified.

I also claim the arrangement and combination of the series of ilexilc wires F with one or more lexile wires D E, one or more series of-cranks cf, aud mechanism for revolving such cranks synchronously, the whole being applied` substantially in manner and so as to operate asI specified.

I also claim the combination and arrangement of the pendulum or'wire r with the liexile wire D and its series of cranks, arranged and applied in manner and tojopcrate togethcrsubstantially as hereinbefore explained.

I also claim the arrangement and combinationI of horizontal and vertical lines going' through the axes of' the cranks, substantially as represented in 'the drawings, withrthe system of' movable wires, or mechanism for producing the wnvc-motion, as set forth. I

I also claim the combination and arrangement of the circle p with the system of movable Wires, er mecham isnt fer producing wave-motion, as specified. i

Dated at the city and county of New Haven, Connecticut, September 19, 1867.

C. S. LYMAN Witnesses:

Vunnavn Museen, SIMEON E. BALDWIN. 

